PA++++ measures protection against UVA rays, the type that cause premature ageing, while SPF measures protection against UVB rays, the type that cause sunburn. Korean sunscreens list both because full protection needs to guard against both types of UV damage, and PA++++ is the highest UVA protection rating available.
If you've picked up a Korean sunscreen and wondered what all the pluses mean, here is a clear breakdown.
What does SPF measure?
SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, measures how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, the rays responsible for sunburn and a major contributor to skin cancer risk. SPF50 blocks around 98% of UVB rays when applied correctly.
What does PA rating measure?
PA, or Protection Grade of UVA, measures protection against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin and are the primary cause of premature ageing, fine lines and pigmentation. The rating runs from PA+ to PA++++, with PA++++ offering the highest level of UVA protection.
Why do Korean sunscreens list both?
Complete sun protection needs to guard against both UVA and UVB. A sunscreen with high SPF but no PA rating may protect against sunburn while leaving skin exposed to the ageing effects of UVA. Korean sunscreen labelling makes both numbers visible so you can judge full protection at a glance, which is one reason Korean SPF formulas are so well regarded.
Why Korean sunscreens feel different
Many Korean sunscreens use lightweight, fast-absorbing formulas with little to no white cast, which is a major reason they have become popular worldwide. This comes down to advanced filter technology and formulation focus on wearability, since a sunscreen only works if people are willing to reapply it.
How much sunscreen should you use?
For the face and neck, roughly a quarter to half a teaspoon is the standard recommendation. Most people apply far less than this, which significantly reduces the actual protection level below what is stated on the bottle.
How often should you reapply?
Every two hours if you are outdoors, and always after swimming or heavy sweating. For everyday indoor or low-exposure days, one thorough morning application is often sufficient, though reapplying at midday adds extra protection.
Frequently asked questions
What does PA++++ mean?
PA++++ is the highest UVA protection rating on the PA scale, indicating extremely high protection against UVA rays, which are responsible for premature ageing and pigmentation.
Is SPF50 better than SPF30?
SPF50 blocks slightly more UVB rays than SPF30 (about 98% versus 97%), but the difference is smaller than the numbers suggest. Correct application and consistent reapplication matter more than the SPF number alone.
Do I need sunscreen on a cloudy day?
Yes. Up to 80% of UV rays pass through cloud cover, so daily sunscreen is recommended regardless of visible weather conditions.
Can I skip moisturiser if my sunscreen is hydrating?
Many Korean sunscreens are formulated with hydrating ingredients and can double as a light moisturiser step for oily or combination skin, though drier skin types usually still benefit from moisturising underneath.
Browse our full SPF and Sun Care collection for Korean sunscreens rated up to PA++++. Visit us at 79 West Regent Street, Glasgow for advice on finding the right formula for your skin.
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